Sjogren’s Syndrome

Patient Information Sheet

Sjogren’s Syndrome is a common autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the salivary and tear glands, leading to dryness of the mouth and eyes. It is named after Swedish physician Dr. Henrik Sjogren, who first described the condition.

🧬 Who Is Affected?

Most commonly seen in women aged 50–60, but can also affect younger adults (20–40 years)
Associated with genetic and environmental triggers (e.g., viral infections)
Menopause is a known risk factor

⚠️ Symptoms

Common:

Dry mouth: Difficulty chewing dry foods, frequent need for water, dry throat while speaking
Dry eyes: Gritty or pricking sensation, need for artificial tears
Dry and itchy skin
Fatigue, joint pain, and swelling
Skin rashes, especially on the legs or cheeks

Less Common:

Numbness, tingling in hands or feet
Muscle weakness, shortness of breath or cough if lungs are involved
Digestive issues, anemia, or low white/platelet counts

Symptoms may remain stable, worsen over time, or occasionally improve (remission). Some patients experience only mild discomfort, while others may have more disabling symptoms.

🩺 Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on a combination of:

Patient symptoms and clinical signs
Blood tests including ANA and other autoimmune markers
High-resolution ultrasound of the parotid glands
In some cases, a minor salivary gland biopsy may be required for confirmation

💊 Treatment

Early identification and treatment are key to managing Sjogren’s Syndrome.

1. Symptomatic Care

Artificial tears and saliva substitutes
NSAIDs or low-dose steroids for joint pain
Skin lotions for dryness

2. Immunomodulators

Prescribed if lungs, kidneys, or joints are involved
Treatment is usually long-term and adjusted based on disease severity
Once under control, medications may be gradually tapered

🚨 Possible Complications

Severe eye dryness can lead to corneal damage or blindness
Increased risk of mouth infections and dental caries

✅ Self-Care & Lifestyle Tips

Use protective eyewear outdoors, especially in dry or windy weather
Sip water regularly; chewing gum or lozenges helps stimulate saliva
Apply moisturizers for dry skin
Practice gentle stretching exercises to maintain joint mobility
Avoid strenuous activity during flare-ups
Soak hands or feet in lukewarm salt water for morning stiffness

🥗 Dietary Guidance

Eat a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Limit refined carbs, red meat, and high-fat foods
Some patients find relief with cinnamon or ginger supplements
Avoid unproven supplements claiming immune “boosting” — especially protein powders or herbal products
Quit smoking and avoid alcohol, especially in those with a family history of autoimmune conditions

Clinic: Daivik Arthritis and Rheumatology Centre
Contact: +91 80846 4458, +91 86189 76431
Consultant: Dr. Praveen Kumar M, Rheumatologist

Disclaimer: This information is provided for patient education only and is not intended for self-medication o

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